Construct Single-Hierarchical P/NBD Model for CD-Now Transaction Data

In this workbook we construct the non-hierarchical P/NBD models on the synthetic data with the longer timeframe.

1 Load and Construct Datasets

1.1 Load CD-NOW Transaction Data

We now want to load the CD-NOW transaction data.

Code

customer_cohortdata_tbl <- read_rds("data/cdnow_customer_cohort_data_tbl.rds")
customer_cohortdata_tbl |> glimpse()

Rows: 23,570
Columns: 5
$ customer_id     <chr> "00001", "00002", "00003", "00004", "00005", "00006", …
$ cohort_qtr      <chr> "1997 Q1", "1997 Q1", "1997 Q1", "1997 Q1", "1997 Q1",…
$ cohort_ym       <chr> "1997 01", "1997 01", "1997 01", "1997 01", "1997 01",…
$ first_tnx_date  <date> 1997-01-01, 1997-01-12, 1997-01-02, 1997-01-01, 1997-…
$ total_tnx_count <int> 1, 2, 6, 4, 11, 1, 3, 8, 3, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1,…

Code

customer_transactions_tbl <- read_rds("data/cdnow_transaction_data_tbl.rds")
customer_transactions_tbl |> glimpse()

Rows: 69,659
Columns: 8
$ customer_id   <chr> "00001", "00002", "00002", "00003", "00003", "00003", "0…
$ tnx_date      <date> 1997-01-01, 1997-01-12, 1997-01-12, 1997-01-02, 1997-03…
$ tnx_timestamp <dttm> 1997-01-01 21:57:19, 1997-01-12 06:52:02, 1997-01-12 22…
$ tnx_dow       <fct> Wed, Sun, Sun, Thu, Sun, Wed, Sat, Tue, Thu, Wed, Sat, S…
$ tnx_month     <fct> Jan, Jan, Jan, Jan, Mar, Apr, Nov, Nov, May, Jan, Jan, A…
$ tnx_week      <chr> "00", "01", "01", "00", "12", "13", "45", "47", "21", "0…
$ cd_count      <int> 1, 5, 1, 2, 2, 2, 5, 4, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2,…
$ total_spend   <dbl> 11.77, 77.00, 12.00, 20.76, 20.76, 19.54, 57.45, 20.96, …

Code

customer_subset_id <- read_rds("data/cdnow_customer_subset_ids.rds")
customer_subset_id |> glimpse()

 chr [1:2000] "00014" "00018" "00032" "00061" "00064" "00076" "00081" ...

We re-produce the visualisation of the transaction times we used in previous workbooks.

Code

plot_tbl <- customer_transactions_tbl |>
  group_nest(customer_id, .key = "cust_data") |>
  filter(map_int(cust_data, nrow) > 3) |>
  slice_sample(n = 30) |>
  unnest(cust_data)

ggplot(plot_tbl, aes(x = tnx_timestamp, y = customer_id)) +
  geom_line() +
  geom_point() +
  labs(
      x = "Date",
      y = "Customer ID",
      title = "Visualisation of Customer Transaction Times"
    ) +
  theme(axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10))

1.2 Load Derived Data

Code

obs_fitdata_tbl   <- read_rds("data/cdnow_obs_fitdata_tbl.rds")
obs_validdata_tbl <- read_rds("data/cdnow_obs_validdata_tbl.rds")

customer_fit_stats_tbl <- obs_fitdata_tbl |>
  rename(x = tnx_count)

1.3 Load Subset Data

We also want to construct our data subsets for the purposes of speeding up our valuations.

Code

customer_fit_subset_tbl <- obs_fitdata_tbl |>
  filter(customer_id %in% customer_subset_id)

customer_fit_subset_tbl |> glimpse()

Rows: 2,000
Columns: 6
$ customer_id    <chr> "00014", "00018", "00032", "00061", "00064", "00076", "…
$ first_tnx_date <dttm> 1997-01-01 21:18:22, 1997-01-04 18:49:57, 1997-01-01 1…
$ last_tnx_date  <dttm> 1997-01-01 21:18:22, 1997-01-04 18:49:57, 1997-01-24 1…
$ tnx_count      <dbl> 0, 0, 1, 0, 8, 0, 13, 12, 0, 2, 0, 6, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,…
$ t_x            <dbl> 0.0000000, 0.0000000, 3.3184159, 0.0000000, 51.5902377,…
$ T_cal          <dbl> 52.01604, 51.60219, 52.06928, 52.11594, 51.82785, 52.12…

Code

customer_valid_subset_tbl <- obs_validdata_tbl |>
  filter(customer_id %in% customer_subset_id)

customer_valid_subset_tbl |> glimpse()

Rows: 2,000
Columns: 3
$ customer_id       <chr> "00014", "00018", "00032", "00061", "00064", "00076"…
$ tnx_count         <dbl> 0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 0, 6, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0…
$ tnx_last_interval <dbl> NA, NA, 9.945594, NA, 25.052557, NA, NA, 25.303557, …

We now use these datasets to set the start and end dates for our various validation methods.

Code

dates_lst <- read_rds("data/cdnow_simulation_dates.rds")

use_fit_start_date <- dates_lst$use_fit_start_date
use_fit_end_date   <- dates_lst$use_fit_end_date

use_valid_start_date <- dates_lst$use_valid_start_date
use_valid_end_date   <- dates_lst$use_valid_end_date

Before we start on that, we set a few parameters for the workbook to organise our Stan code.

Code

stan_modeldir <- "stan_models"
stan_codedir  <-   "stan_code"

2 Fit First Hierarchical Lambda Model

Our first hierarchical model puts a hierarchical prior around the mean of our population \(\lambda\) - lambda_mn.

Once again we use a Gamma prior for it.

2.1 Compile and Fit Stan Model

We now compile this model using CmdStanR.

Code

pnbd_onehierlambda_stanmodel <- cmdstan_model(
  "stan_code/pnbd_onehier_lambda.stan",
  include_paths =   stan_codedir,
  pedantic      =           TRUE,
  dir           =  stan_modeldir
  )

We then use this compiled model with our data to produce a fit of the data.

Code

stan_modelname <- "pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1"
stanfit_prefix <- str_c("fit_", stan_modelname)
stanfit_seed   <- stanfit_seed + 1

stanfit_object_file <- glue("data/{stanfit_prefix}_stanfit.rds")


stan_data_lst <- customer_fit_stats_tbl |>
  select(customer_id, x, t_x, T_cal) |>
  compose_data(
    hier_lambda_mn_p1 = 0.25,
    hier_lambda_mn_p2 = 1,

    lambda_cv = 1.00,
    
    mu_mn     = 0.10,
    mu_cv     = 1.00,
    )

if(!file_exists(stanfit_object_file)) {
  pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_stanfit <- pnbd_onehierlambda_stanmodel$sample(
    data            =                stan_data_lst,
    chains          =                            4,
    iter_warmup     =                          500,
    iter_sampling   =                          500,
    seed            =                 stanfit_seed,
    save_warmup     =                         TRUE,
    output_dir      =                stan_modeldir,
    output_basename =               stanfit_prefix,
    )
  
  pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_stanfit$save_object(stanfit_object_file, compress = "gzip")

} else {
  pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_stanfit <- read_rds(stanfit_object_file)
}

pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_stanfit$summary()

# A tibble: 70,713 × 10
   variable       mean   median      sd     mad       q5      q95  rhat ess_bulk
   <chr>         <num>    <num>   <num>   <num>    <num>    <num> <num>    <num>
 1 lp__       -2.48e+5 -2.48e+5 1.68e+2 1.70e+2 -2.48e+5 -2.47e+5 1.00      524.
 2 lambda_mn   6.59e-2  6.59e-2 6.71e-4 6.43e-4  6.49e-2  6.70e-2 1.00     1433.
 3 lambda[1]   4.50e-2  2.74e-2 4.95e-2 2.96e-2  1.94e-3  1.49e-1 0.999    1935.
 4 lambda[2]   1.02e-1  8.05e-2 8.09e-2 6.56e-2  1.58e-2  2.62e-1 1.00     2825.
 5 lambda[3]   7.53e-2  7.03e-2 3.47e-2 3.22e-2  2.85e-2  1.40e-1 1.00     2885.
 6 lambda[4]   5.92e-2  5.43e-2 2.95e-2 2.81e-2  2.00e-2  1.14e-1 1.01     2948.
 7 lambda[5]   1.50e-1  1.44e-1 4.89e-2 4.92e-2  7.97e-2  2.37e-1 1.00     3181.
 8 lambda[6]   4.83e-2  3.06e-2 5.19e-2 3.32e-2  2.52e-3  1.55e-1 1.00     2686.
 9 lambda[7]   3.08e-2  2.60e-2 2.16e-2 1.88e-2  5.75e-3  7.41e-2 1.00     3739.
10 lambda[8]   1.04e-1  9.94e-2 3.87e-2 3.60e-2  4.80e-2  1.74e-1 1.01     3506.
# ℹ 70,703 more rows
# ℹ 1 more variable: ess_tail <num>

We have some basic HMC-based validity statistics we can check.

Code

pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_stanfit$cmdstan_diagnose()

Processing csv files: /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1-1.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data
, /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1-2.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data
, /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1-3.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data
, /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1-4.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data


Checking sampler transitions treedepth.
Treedepth satisfactory for all transitions.

Checking sampler transitions for divergences.
No divergent transitions found.

Checking E-BFMI - sampler transitions HMC potential energy.
E-BFMI satisfactory.

Effective sample size satisfactory.

Split R-hat values satisfactory all parameters.

Processing complete, no problems detected.

2.2 Visual Diagnostics of the Sample Validity

Now that we have a sample from the posterior distribution we need to create a few different visualisations of the diagnostics.

Code

parameter_subset <- c(
  "lambda_mn",
  "lambda[1]", "lambda[2]", "lambda[3]", "lambda[4]",
  "mu[1]",     "mu[2]",     "mu[3]",     "mu[4]"
  )

pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_stanfit$draws(inc_warmup = FALSE) |>
  mcmc_trace(pars = parameter_subset) +
  expand_limits(y = 0) +
  labs(
    x = "Iteration",
    y = "Value",
    title = "Traceplot of Sample of Lambda and Mu Values"
    ) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10))

We also check \(N_{eff}\) as a quick diagnostic of the fit.

Code

pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_stanfit |>
  neff_ratio(pars = c("lambda", "mu")) |>
  as.numeric() |>
  mcmc_neff() +
    ggtitle("Plot of Parameter Effective Sample Sizes")

2.3 Assess the Model

As we intend to run the same logic to assess each of our models, we have combined all this logic into a single function run_model_assessment, to run the simulations and combine the datasets.

Code

pnbd_stanfit <- pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_stanfit |>
  recover_types(customer_fit_stats_tbl)

pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_assess_data_lst <- run_model_assessment(
  model_stanfit    = pnbd_stanfit,
  insample_tbl     = customer_fit_subset_tbl,
  fit_label        = "pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1",
  fit_end_dttm     = use_fit_end_date     |> as.POSIXct(),
  valid_start_dttm = use_valid_start_date |> as.POSIXct(),
  valid_end_dttm   = use_valid_end_date   |> as.POSIXct(),
  sim_seed         = 4210
  )

pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_assess_data_lst |> glimpse()

List of 5
 $ model_fit_index_filepath     : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_assess_fit_index_tbl.rds"
 $ model_valid_index_filepath   : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_assess_valid_index_tbl.rds"
 $ model_simstats_filepath      : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_assess_model_simstats_tbl.rds"
 $ model_fit_simstats_filepath  : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_assess_fit_simstats_tbl.rds"
 $ model_valid_simstats_filepath: 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_assess_valid_simstats_tbl.rds"

2.3.1 Check In-Sample Data Validation

We first check the model against the in-sample data.

Code

simdata_tbl <- pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_assess_data_lst |>
  use_series(model_fit_simstats_filepath) |>
  read_rds()

insample_plots_lst <- create_model_assessment_plots(
  obsdata_tbl = obs_fitdata_tbl,
  simdata_tbl = simdata_tbl
  )

insample_plots_lst$multi_plot |> print()

Code

insample_plots_lst$total_plot |> print()

Code

insample_plots_lst$quant_plot |> print()

This fit looks reasonable and appears to capture most of the aspects of the data used to fit it. Given that this is a synthetic dataset, this is not surprising, but at least we appreciate that our model is valid.

2.3.2 Check Out-of-Sample Data Validation

We now repeat for the out-of-sample data.

Code

simdata_tbl <- pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_assess_data_lst |>
  use_series(model_valid_simstats_filepath) |>
  read_rds()

outsample_plots_lst <- create_model_assessment_plots(
  obsdata_tbl = obs_validdata_tbl,
  simdata_tbl = simdata_tbl
  )

outsample_plots_lst$multi_plot |> print()

Code

outsample_plots_lst$total_plot |> print()

Code

outsample_plots_lst$quant_plot |> print()

As for our short time frame data, overall our model is working well.

3 Fit Second Hierarchical Lambda Model

In this model, we are going with a broadly similar model but we are instead using a different mean for our hierarchical prior.

3.1 Fit Stan Model

We now want to fit the model to our data using this alternative prior for lambda_mn.

Code

stan_modelname <- "pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2"
stanfit_prefix <- str_c("fit_", stan_modelname)
stanfit_seed   <- stanfit_seed + 1

stanfit_object_file <- glue("data/{stanfit_prefix}_stanfit.rds")


stan_data_lst <- customer_fit_stats_tbl |>
  select(customer_id, x, t_x, T_cal) |>
  compose_data(
    hier_lambda_mn_p1 = 0.50,
    hier_lambda_mn_p2 = 1,

    lambda_cv = 1.00,
    
    mu_mn     = 0.10,
    mu_cv     = 1.00,
    )

if(!file_exists(stanfit_object_file)) {
  pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_stanfit <- pnbd_onehierlambda_stanmodel$sample(
    data            =                stan_data_lst,
    chains          =                            4,
    iter_warmup     =                          500,
    iter_sampling   =                          500,
    seed            =                 stanfit_seed,
    save_warmup     =                         TRUE,
    output_dir      =                stan_modeldir,
    output_basename =               stanfit_prefix,
    )
  
  pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_stanfit$save_object(stanfit_object_file, compress = "gzip")

} else {
  pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_stanfit <- read_rds(stanfit_object_file)
}

pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_stanfit$summary()

# A tibble: 70,713 × 10
   variable       mean   median      sd     mad       q5      q95  rhat ess_bulk
   <chr>         <num>    <num>   <num>   <num>    <num>    <num> <num>    <num>
 1 lp__       -2.48e+5 -2.48e+5 1.72e+2 1.74e+2 -2.48e+5 -2.47e+5  1.00     656.
 2 lambda_mn   6.59e-2  6.59e-2 6.46e-4 6.45e-4  6.48e-2  6.70e-2  1.00    1615.
 3 lambda[1]   4.49e-2  2.81e-2 4.90e-2 3.01e-2  2.17e-3  1.44e-1  1.00    2173.
 4 lambda[2]   9.98e-2  8.05e-2 7.72e-2 6.26e-2  1.51e-2  2.60e-1  1.00    2886.
 5 lambda[3]   7.48e-2  7.04e-2 3.26e-2 3.28e-2  3.00e-2  1.34e-1  1.01    3840.
 6 lambda[4]   5.97e-2  5.56e-2 3.04e-2 2.74e-2  1.99e-2  1.18e-1  1.00    3978.
 7 lambda[5]   1.48e-1  1.44e-1 4.80e-2 4.70e-2  7.88e-2  2.32e-1  1.00    4343.
 8 lambda[6]   4.58e-2  2.90e-2 5.08e-2 3.16e-2  2.07e-3  1.48e-1  1.00    1933.
 9 lambda[7]   3.08e-2  2.61e-2 2.07e-2 1.86e-2  5.98e-3  7.27e-2  1.01    3572.
10 lambda[8]   1.04e-1  9.86e-2 3.90e-2 3.71e-2  4.94e-2  1.73e-1  1.00    3122.
# ℹ 70,703 more rows
# ℹ 1 more variable: ess_tail <num>

We have some basic HMC-based validity statistics we can check.

Code

pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_stanfit$cmdstan_diagnose()

Processing csv files: /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2-1.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data
, /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2-2.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data
, /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2-3.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data
, /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2-4.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data


Checking sampler transitions treedepth.
Treedepth satisfactory for all transitions.

Checking sampler transitions for divergences.
No divergent transitions found.

Checking E-BFMI - sampler transitions HMC potential energy.
E-BFMI satisfactory.

Effective sample size satisfactory.

Split R-hat values satisfactory all parameters.

Processing complete, no problems detected.

3.2 Visual Diagnostics of the Sample Validity

Now that we have a sample from the posterior distribution we need to create a few different visualisations of the diagnostics.

Code

parameter_subset <- c(
  "lambda_mn",
  "lambda[1]", "lambda[2]", "lambda[3]", "lambda[4]",
  "mu[1]",     "mu[2]",     "mu[3]",     "mu[4]"
  )

pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_stanfit$draws(inc_warmup = FALSE) |>
  mcmc_trace(pars = parameter_subset) +
  expand_limits(y = 0) +
  labs(
    x = "Iteration",
    y = "Value",
    title = "Traceplot of Sample of Lambda and Mu Values"
    ) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10))

We also check \(N_{eff}\) as a quick diagnostic of the fit.

Code

pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_stanfit |>
  neff_ratio(pars = c("lambda", "mu")) |>
  as.numeric() |>
  mcmc_neff() +
    ggtitle("Plot of Parameter Effective Sample Sizes")

3.3 Assess the Model

As we intend to run the same logic to assess each of our models, we have combined all this logic into a single function run_model_assessment, to run the simulations and combine the datasets.

Code

pnbd_stanfit <- pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_stanfit |>
  recover_types(customer_fit_stats_tbl)

pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_assess_data_lst <- run_model_assessment(
  model_stanfit    = pnbd_stanfit,
  insample_tbl     = customer_fit_subset_tbl,
  fit_label        = "pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2",
  fit_end_dttm     = use_fit_end_date     |> as.POSIXct(),
  valid_start_dttm = use_valid_start_date |> as.POSIXct(),
  valid_end_dttm   = use_valid_end_date   |> as.POSIXct(),
  sim_seed         = 4210
  )

pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_assess_data_lst |> glimpse()

List of 5
 $ model_fit_index_filepath     : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_assess_fit_index_tbl.rds"
 $ model_valid_index_filepath   : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_assess_valid_index_tbl.rds"
 $ model_simstats_filepath      : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_assess_model_simstats_tbl.rds"
 $ model_fit_simstats_filepath  : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_assess_fit_simstats_tbl.rds"
 $ model_valid_simstats_filepath: 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_assess_valid_simstats_tbl.rds"

3.3.1 Check In-Sample Data Validation

We first check the model against the in-sample data.

Code

simdata_tbl <- pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda2_assess_data_lst |>
  use_series(model_fit_simstats_filepath) |>
  read_rds()

insample_plots_lst <- create_model_assessment_plots(
  obsdata_tbl = customer_fit_subset_tbl,
  simdata_tbl = simdata_tbl
  )

insample_plots_lst$multi_plot |> print()

Code

insample_plots_lst$total_plot |> print()

Code

insample_plots_lst$quant_plot |> print()

This fit looks reasonable and appears to capture most of the aspects of the data used to fit it. Given that this is a synthetic dataset, this is not surprising, but at least we appreciate that our model is valid.

3.3.2 Check Out-of-Sample Data Validation

We now repeat for the out-of-sample data.

Code

simdata_tbl <- pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_assess_data_lst |>
  use_series(model_valid_simstats_filepath) |>
  read_rds()

outsample_plots_lst <- create_model_assessment_plots(
  obsdata_tbl = customer_valid_subset_tbl,
  simdata_tbl = simdata_tbl
  )

outsample_plots_lst$multi_plot |> print()

Code

outsample_plots_lst$total_plot |> print()

Code

outsample_plots_lst$quant_plot |> print()

As for our short time frame data, overall our model is working well.

4 Fit First Hierarchical Mu Model

We now construct the same hierarchical model but based around mu_mn.

4.1 Compile and Fit Stan Model

We compile this model using CmdStanR.

Code

pnbd_onehiermu_stanmodel <- cmdstan_model(
  "stan_code/pnbd_onehier_mu.stan",
  include_paths =   stan_codedir,
  pedantic      =           TRUE,
  dir           =  stan_modeldir
  )

We then use this compiled model with our data to produce a fit of the data.

Code

stan_modelname <- "pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1"
stanfit_prefix <- str_c("fit_", stan_modelname)
stanfit_seed   <- stanfit_seed + 1

stanfit_object_file <- glue("data/{stanfit_prefix}_stanfit.rds")


stan_data_lst <- customer_fit_stats_tbl |>
  select(customer_id, x, t_x, T_cal) |>
  compose_data(
    hier_mu_mn_p1 = 0.50,
    hier_mu_mn_p2 = 1.00,

    lambda_mn     = 0.25,
    lambda_cv     = 1.00,

    mu_cv         = 1.00

    )

if(!file_exists(stanfit_object_file)) {
  pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_stanfit <- pnbd_onehiermu_stanmodel$sample(
    data            =                stan_data_lst,
    chains          =                            4,
    iter_warmup     =                          500,
    iter_sampling   =                          500,
    seed            =                 stanfit_seed,
    save_warmup     =                         TRUE,
    output_dir      =                stan_modeldir,
    output_basename =               stanfit_prefix,
    )
  
  pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_stanfit$save_object(stanfit_object_file, compress = "gzip")

} else {
  pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_stanfit <- read_rds(stanfit_object_file)
}

Running MCMC with 4 chains, at most 12 in parallel...

Chain 1 Iteration:   1 / 1000 [  0%]  (Warmup) 
Chain 2 Iteration:   1 / 1000 [  0%]  (Warmup) 
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Code

pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_stanfit$summary()

# A tibble: 70,713 × 10
   variable       mean   median      sd     mad       q5      q95  rhat ess_bulk
   <chr>         <num>    <num>   <num>   <num>    <num>    <num> <num>    <num>
 1 lp__       -2.33e+5 -2.33e+5 1.79e+2 1.82e+2 -2.33e+5 -2.32e+5  1.01     557.
 2 mu_mn       1.15e-1  1.15e-1 1.88e-3 1.86e-3  1.12e-1  1.18e-1  1.00     599.
 3 lambda[1]   1.42e-1  8.34e-2 1.70e-1 9.70e-2  4.42e-3  4.80e-1  1.00    2254.
 4 lambda[2]   3.39e-1  2.67e-1 2.76e-1 2.09e-1  4.78e-2  8.97e-1  1.00    2948.
 5 lambda[3]   8.90e-2  8.36e-2 3.78e-2 3.70e-2  3.69e-2  1.59e-1  1.00    2598.
 6 lambda[4]   7.21e-2  6.60e-2 3.58e-2 3.40e-2  2.51e-2  1.41e-1  1.01    4032.
 7 lambda[5]   1.79e-1  1.74e-1 5.62e-2 5.57e-2  9.53e-2  2.83e-1  1.01    4145.
 8 lambda[6]   1.44e-1  8.58e-2 1.74e-1 9.82e-2  4.64e-3  4.69e-1  1.00    2431.
 9 lambda[7]   3.58e-2  3.01e-2 2.52e-2 2.26e-2  6.37e-3  8.55e-2  1.00    3261.
10 lambda[8]   1.25e-1  1.19e-1 4.63e-2 4.52e-2  6.00e-2  2.09e-1  1.00    3535.
# ℹ 70,703 more rows
# ℹ 1 more variable: ess_tail <num>

We have some basic HMC-based validity statistics we can check.

Code

pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_stanfit$cmdstan_diagnose()

Processing csv files: /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1-1.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data
, /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1-2.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data
, /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1-3.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data
, /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1-4.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data


Checking sampler transitions treedepth.
Treedepth satisfactory for all transitions.

Checking sampler transitions for divergences.
No divergent transitions found.

Checking E-BFMI - sampler transitions HMC potential energy.
E-BFMI satisfactory.

Effective sample size satisfactory.

Split R-hat values satisfactory all parameters.

Processing complete, no problems detected.

4.2 Visual Diagnostics of the Sample Validity

Now that we have a sample from the posterior distribution we need to create a few different visualisations of the diagnostics.

Code

parameter_subset <- c(
  "mu_mn",
  "lambda[1]", "lambda[2]", "lambda[3]", "lambda[4]",
  "mu[1]",     "mu[2]",     "mu[3]",     "mu[4]"
  )

pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_stanfit$draws(inc_warmup = FALSE) |>
  mcmc_trace(pars = parameter_subset) +
  expand_limits(y = 0) +
  labs(
    x = "Iteration",
    y = "Value",
    title = "Traceplot of Sample of Lambda and Mu Values"
    ) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10))

We also check \(N_{eff}\) as a quick diagnostic of the fit.

Code

pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_stanfit |>
  neff_ratio(pars = c("lambda", "mu")) |>
  as.numeric() |>
  mcmc_neff() +
    ggtitle("Plot of Parameter Effective Sample Sizes")

4.3 Assess the Model

As we intend to run the same logic to assess each of our models, we have combined all this logic into a single function run_model_assessment, to run the simulations and combine the datasets.

Code

pnbd_stanfit <- pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_stanfit |>
  recover_types(customer_fit_stats_tbl)

pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_assess_data_lst <- run_model_assessment(
  model_stanfit    = pnbd_stanfit,
  insample_tbl     = customer_fit_subset_tbl,
  fit_label        = "pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1",
  fit_end_dttm     = use_fit_end_date     |> as.POSIXct(),
  valid_start_dttm = use_valid_start_date |> as.POSIXct(),
  valid_end_dttm   = use_valid_end_date   |> as.POSIXct(),
  sim_seed         = 4210
  )

pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_assess_data_lst |> glimpse()

List of 5
 $ model_fit_index_filepath     : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_assess_fit_index_tbl.rds"
 $ model_valid_index_filepath   : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_assess_valid_index_tbl.rds"
 $ model_simstats_filepath      : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_assess_model_simstats_tbl.rds"
 $ model_fit_simstats_filepath  : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_assess_fit_simstats_tbl.rds"
 $ model_valid_simstats_filepath: 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_assess_valid_simstats_tbl.rds"

4.3.1 Check In-Sample Data Validation

We first check the model against the in-sample data.

Code

simdata_tbl <- pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_assess_data_lst |>
  use_series(model_fit_simstats_filepath) |>
  read_rds()

insample_plots_lst <- create_model_assessment_plots(
  obsdata_tbl = customer_fit_subset_tbl,
  simdata_tbl = simdata_tbl
  )

insample_plots_lst$multi_plot |> print()

Code

insample_plots_lst$total_plot |> print()

Code

insample_plots_lst$quant_plot |> print()

This fit looks reasonable and appears to capture most of the aspects of the data used to fit it. Given that this is a synthetic dataset, this is not surprising, but at least we appreciate that our model is valid.

4.3.2 Check Out-of-Sample Data Validation

We now repeat for the out-of-sample data.

Code

simdata_tbl <- pnbd_cdnow_onehierlambda1_assess_data_lst |>
  use_series(model_valid_simstats_filepath) |>
  read_rds()

outsample_plots_lst <- create_model_assessment_plots(
  obsdata_tbl = customer_valid_subset_tbl,
  simdata_tbl = simdata_tbl
  )

outsample_plots_lst$multi_plot |> print()

Code

outsample_plots_lst$total_plot |> print()

Code

outsample_plots_lst$quant_plot |> print()

As for our short time frame data, overall our model is working well.

5 Fit Second Hierarchical Mu Model

In this model, we are going with a broadly similar model but we are instead using a different mean for our hierarchical prior.

5.1 Fit Stan Model

We now want to fit the model to our data using this alternative prior for lambda_mn.

Code

stan_modelname <- "pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2"
stanfit_prefix <- str_c("fit_", stan_modelname)
stanfit_seed   <- stanfit_seed + 1

stanfit_object_file <- glue("data/{stanfit_prefix}_stanfit.rds")


stan_data_lst <- customer_fit_stats_tbl |>
  select(customer_id, x, t_x, T_cal) |>
  compose_data(
    hier_mu_mn_p1 = 0.25,
    hier_mu_mn_p2 = 1.00,

    lambda_mn     = 0.25,
    lambda_cv     = 1.00,

    mu_cv         = 1.00
    )

if(!file_exists(stanfit_object_file)) {
  pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_stanfit <- pnbd_onehiermu_stanmodel$sample(
    data            =                stan_data_lst,
    chains          =                            4,
    iter_warmup     =                          500,
    iter_sampling   =                          500,
    seed            =                 stanfit_seed,
    save_warmup     =                         TRUE,
    output_dir      =                stan_modeldir,
    output_basename =               stanfit_prefix,
    )
  
  pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_stanfit$save_object(stanfit_object_file, compress = "gzip")

} else {
  pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_stanfit <- read_rds(stanfit_object_file)
}

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All 4 chains finished successfully.
Mean chain execution time: 2602.6 seconds.
Total execution time: 2681.4 seconds.

Code

pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_stanfit$summary()

# A tibble: 70,713 × 10
   variable       mean   median      sd     mad       q5      q95  rhat ess_bulk
   <chr>         <num>    <num>   <num>   <num>    <num>    <num> <num>    <num>
 1 lp__       -2.33e+5 -2.33e+5 1.73e+2 1.68e+2 -2.33e+5 -2.32e+5 1.01      518.
 2 mu_mn       1.15e-1  1.15e-1 1.87e-3 1.89e-3  1.12e-1  1.18e-1 1.00      594.
 3 lambda[1]   1.40e-1  8.20e-2 1.71e-1 9.00e-2  4.76e-3  4.83e-1 0.999    2257.
 4 lambda[2]   3.28e-1  2.71e-1 2.42e-1 1.99e-1  5.14e-2  8.33e-1 1.00     3491.
 5 lambda[3]   9.02e-2  8.41e-2 4.06e-2 3.91e-2  3.57e-2  1.69e-1 1.01     5217.
 6 lambda[4]   7.12e-2  6.45e-2 3.64e-2 3.34e-2  2.22e-2  1.40e-1 1.00     3664.
 7 lambda[5]   1.80e-1  1.74e-1 5.74e-2 5.57e-2  9.61e-2  2.90e-1 1.01     4592.
 8 lambda[6]   1.43e-1  8.66e-2 1.68e-1 9.43e-2  6.80e-3  4.88e-1 1.00     2446.
 9 lambda[7]   3.70e-2  3.03e-2 2.65e-2 2.16e-2  6.65e-3  8.80e-2 1.00     2853.
10 lambda[8]   1.23e-1  1.19e-1 4.59e-2 4.27e-2  5.43e-2  2.04e-1 1.00     3546.
# ℹ 70,703 more rows
# ℹ 1 more variable: ess_tail <num>

We have some basic HMC-based validity statistics we can check.

Code

pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_stanfit$cmdstan_diagnose()

Processing csv files: /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2-1.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data
, /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2-2.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data
, /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2-3.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data
, /home/rstudio/btydwork/stan_models/fit_pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2-4.csvWarning: non-fatal error reading adaptation data


Checking sampler transitions treedepth.
Treedepth satisfactory for all transitions.

Checking sampler transitions for divergences.
No divergent transitions found.

Checking E-BFMI - sampler transitions HMC potential energy.
E-BFMI satisfactory.

Effective sample size satisfactory.

Split R-hat values satisfactory all parameters.

Processing complete, no problems detected.

5.2 Visual Diagnostics of the Sample Validity

Now that we have a sample from the posterior distribution we need to create a few different visualisations of the diagnostics.

Code

parameter_subset <- c(
  "mu_mn",
  "lambda[1]", "lambda[2]", "lambda[3]", "lambda[4]",
  "mu[1]",     "mu[2]",     "mu[3]",     "mu[4]"
  )

pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_stanfit$draws(inc_warmup = FALSE) |>
  mcmc_trace(pars = parameter_subset) +
  expand_limits(y = 0) +
  labs(
    x = "Iteration",
    y = "Value",
    title = "Traceplot of Sample of Lambda and Mu Values"
    ) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10))

We also check \(N_{eff}\) as a quick diagnostic of the fit.

Code

pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_stanfit |>
  neff_ratio(pars = c("lambda", "mu")) |>
  as.numeric() |>
  mcmc_neff() +
    ggtitle("Plot of Parameter Effective Sample Sizes")

5.3 Assess the Model

As we intend to run the same logic to assess each of our models, we have combined all this logic into a single function run_model_assessment, to run the simulations and combine the datasets.

Code

pnbd_stanfit <- pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_stanfit |>
  recover_types(customer_fit_stats_tbl)

pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_assess_data_lst <- run_model_assessment(
  model_stanfit    = pnbd_stanfit,
  insample_tbl     = customer_fit_subset_tbl,
  fit_label        = "pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2",
  fit_end_dttm     = use_fit_end_date     |> as.POSIXct(),
  valid_start_dttm = use_valid_start_date |> as.POSIXct(),
  valid_end_dttm   = use_valid_end_date   |> as.POSIXct(),
  sim_seed         = 4210
  )

pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_assess_data_lst |> glimpse()

List of 5
 $ model_fit_index_filepath     : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_assess_fit_index_tbl.rds"
 $ model_valid_index_filepath   : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_assess_valid_index_tbl.rds"
 $ model_simstats_filepath      : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_assess_model_simstats_tbl.rds"
 $ model_fit_simstats_filepath  : 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_assess_fit_simstats_tbl.rds"
 $ model_valid_simstats_filepath: 'glue' chr "data/pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_assess_valid_simstats_tbl.rds"

5.3.1 Check In-Sample Data Validation

We first check the model against the in-sample data.

Code

simdata_tbl <- pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu2_assess_data_lst |>
  use_series(model_fit_simstats_filepath) |>
  read_rds()

insample_plots_lst <- create_model_assessment_plots(
  obsdata_tbl = customer_fit_subset_tbl,
  simdata_tbl = simdata_tbl
  )

insample_plots_lst$multi_plot |> print()

Code

insample_plots_lst$total_plot |> print()

Code

insample_plots_lst$quant_plot |> print()

This fit looks reasonable and appears to capture most of the aspects of the data used to fit it. Given that this is a synthetic dataset, this is not surprising, but at least we appreciate that our model is valid.

5.3.2 Check Out-of-Sample Data Validation

We now repeat for the out-of-sample data.

Code

simdata_tbl <- pnbd_cdnow_onehiermu1_assess_data_lst |>
  use_series(model_valid_simstats_filepath) |>
  read_rds()

outsample_plots_lst <- create_model_assessment_plots(
  obsdata_tbl = customer_valid_subset_tbl,
  simdata_tbl = simdata_tbl
  )

outsample_plots_lst$multi_plot |> print()

Code

outsample_plots_lst$total_plot |> print()

Code

outsample_plots_lst$quant_plot |> print()

As for our short time frame data, overall our model is working well.

6 Compare Model Outputs

We have looked at each of the models individually, but it is also worth looking at each of the models as a group.

Code

calculate_simulation_statistics <- function(file_rds) {
  simdata_tbl <- read_rds(file_rds)
  
  multicount_cust_tbl <- simdata_tbl |>
    filter(sim_tnx_count > 0) |>
    count(draw_id, name = "multicust_count")
  
  totaltnx_data_tbl <- simdata_tbl |>
    count(draw_id, wt = sim_tnx_count, name = "simtnx_count")
  
  simstats_tbl <- multicount_cust_tbl |>
    inner_join(totaltnx_data_tbl, by = "draw_id")
  
  return(simstats_tbl)
}

Code

obs_fit_customer_count <- customer_fit_subset_tbl |>
  filter(tnx_count > 0) |>
  nrow()

obs_valid_customer_count <- customer_valid_subset_tbl |>
  filter(tnx_count > 0) |>
  nrow()

obs_fit_total_count <- customer_fit_subset_tbl |>
  pull(tnx_count) |>
  sum()

obs_valid_total_count <- customer_valid_subset_tbl |>
  pull(tnx_count) |>
  sum()


obs_stats_tbl <- tribble(
  ~assess_type, ~name,               ~obs_value,
  "fit",        "multicust_count",   obs_fit_customer_count,
  "fit",        "simtnx_count",      obs_fit_total_count,
  "valid",      "multicust_count",   obs_valid_customer_count,
  "valid",      "simtnx_count",      obs_valid_total_count
  )


model_assess_tbl <- dir_ls("data", regexp = "pnbd_cdnow_(one|fixed).*_assess_.*simstats") |>
  enframe(name = NULL, value = "file_path") |>
  filter(str_detect(file_path, "_assess_model_", negate = TRUE)) |>
  mutate(
    model_label = str_replace(file_path, "data/pnbd_cdnow_(.*?)_assess_.*", "\\1"),
    assess_type = if_else(str_detect(file_path, "_assess_fit_"), "fit", "valid"),
    
    sim_data = map(
      file_path, calculate_simulation_statistics,
      
      .progress = "calculate_simulation_statistics"
      )
    )

model_assess_tbl |> glimpse()

Rows: 16
Columns: 4
$ file_path   <fs::path> "data/pnbd_cdnow_fixed1_assess_fit_simstats_tbl.rds",…
$ model_label <chr> "fixed1", "fixed1", "fixed2", "fixed2", "fixed3", "fixed3"…
$ assess_type <chr> "fit", "valid", "fit", "valid", "fit", "valid", "fit", "va…
$ sim_data    <list> [<tbl_df[2000 x 3]>], [<tbl_df[2000 x 3]>], [<tbl_df[2000…

Code

model_assess_summstat_tbl <- model_assess_tbl |>
  select(model_label, assess_type, sim_data) |>
  unnest(sim_data) |>
  pivot_longer(
    cols = !c(model_label, assess_type, draw_id)
    ) |>
  group_by(model_label, assess_type, name) |>
  summarise(
    .groups = "drop",
    
    mean_val = mean(value),
    p10 = quantile(value, 0.10),
    p25 = quantile(value, 0.25),
    p50 = quantile(value, 0.50),
    p75 = quantile(value, 0.75),
    p90 = quantile(value, 0.90)
    )

model_assess_summstat_tbl |> glimpse()

Rows: 32
Columns: 9
$ model_label <chr> "fixed1", "fixed1", "fixed1", "fixed1", "fixed2", "fixed2"…
$ assess_type <chr> "fit", "fit", "valid", "valid", "fit", "fit", "valid", "va…
$ name        <chr> "multicust_count", "simtnx_count", "multicust_count", "sim…
$ mean_val    <dbl> 1098.6965, 4285.9180, 296.9145, 909.7970, 1299.5795, 4669.…
$ p10         <dbl> 1071.0, 4091.0, 282.0, 850.0, 1273.0, 4485.0, 181.0, 547.0…
$ p25         <dbl> 1085.00, 4181.75, 289.00, 877.00, 1286.00, 4569.00, 187.00…
$ p50         <dbl> 1099.0, 4285.5, 297.0, 908.0, 1300.0, 4669.0, 193.0, 601.0…
$ p75         <dbl> 1112, 4390, 304, 942, 1313, 4764, 199, 629, 1039, 3598, 18…
$ p90         <dbl> 1125.0, 4484.0, 311.0, 973.0, 1326.0, 4858.2, 205.0, 654.0…

Code

#! echo: TRUE

ggplot(model_assess_summstat_tbl) +
  geom_errorbar(
    aes(x = model_label, ymin = p10, ymax = p90), width = 0
    ) +
  geom_errorbar(
    aes(x = model_label, ymin = p25, ymax = p75), width = 0, linewidth = 3
    ) +
  geom_hline(
    aes(yintercept = obs_value),
    data = obs_stats_tbl, colour = "red"
    ) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = label_comma()) +
  expand_limits(y = 0) +
  facet_wrap(
    vars(assess_type, name), scale = "free_y"
    ) +
  labs(
    x = "Model",
    y = "Count",
    title = "Comparison Plot for the Different Models"
    ) +
  theme(
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 20, vjust = 0.5, size = 8)
    )

6.1 Write Assessment Data to Disk

We now want to save the assessment data to disk.

Code

model_assess_tbl |> write_rds("data/assess_data_pnbd_cdnow_onehier_tbl.rds")

7 R Environment

Code

options(width = 120L)
sessioninfo::session_info()

─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.3.1 (2023-06-16)
 os       Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  en_US.UTF-8
 ctype    en_US.UTF-8
 tz       Europe/Dublin
 date     2023-10-23
 pandoc   3.1.1 @ /usr/local/bin/ (via rmarkdown)

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package        * version    date (UTC) lib source
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 arrayhelpers     1.1-0      2020-02-04 [1] RSPM (R 4.3.1)
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 base64enc        0.1-3      2015-07-28 [1] RSPM (R 4.3.0)
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 bit              4.0.5      2022-11-15 [1] RSPM (R 4.3.0)
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 pkgconfig        2.0.3      2019-09-22 [1] RSPM (R 4.3.0)
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 [1] /usr/local/lib/R/site-library
 [2] /usr/local/lib/R/library

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Code

options(width = 80L)